IP Address v6 - Expression, Advantages and Disadvantages

In this session, we will look at the expression, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of IPv6, which will replace IPv4.

 

I wonder when our IT will be able to use it freely, but let's study it before that time comes.

 

 

1. IP Address v6 Representation

 

 

IPv4 Address expression currently in use

32Bit = 4.2 billion

 

 

IPv6 Address Space

128 Bit = 4.2 billion × 4.2 billion × 4.2 billion × 4.2 billion

 

 

 

Summary of IPv6 Features

 

- Global possibility: IP addresses can be assigned to all devices to be associated with IPv6 networks.

 

- Multiple Levels of Tiered Addresses Available

 

- More effective and scalable aggregation is possible.

 

- Multiple Addresses Available: Multiple Address Blocks can be utilized simultaneously on the host and network.

 

- Auto configuration: Hosts can plug and play on a network without collisions by expressing their L2 addresses in the IPv6 address space if they know only a portion of the IPv6 address (prefix).

 

- Renumbering: Changing the IP address is easy. ==> Leverage the capabilities of auto configuration

 

- IPv6 Communication Type: Unicast, Multicast, Anycast only (Broadcast is not supported).)

 

- Simple and efficient header structure: The header structure of IPv6 has reduced the types of fields found in existing IPv4 by half. Filed's structure, arranged in 64bit, is suitable for lookup in memory or hardware-based processing.

 

- The Checksum Field was removed from the IP Header. : IP Layer no longer performs checksum calculations for the purpose of increasing performance. It will perform an error detection function on L2 or L4 basis.

 

- Added 24-bit Flow Label Field: A new field added to IPv6, which defines the class of IP Traffic in the IP Layer.

 

- Extension Header: Various extension heads can be applied using a daisy chain method using a field called Next-Header. ( Routing, Destination, TCP, UDP…..)

 

- Mobility: IPv6 has the necessary functions for Mobility built in.

 

- Security: IPv6 supports IPsec for end-to-end network security. IPV6 has built-in IPsec as a compulsory specification.

 

 

 

 

: IPv6-only to IPv4-only

 

Format Format for IPv6

 

Address type in binary format

0010000111011010 1001000011010011 0000000001010000 0010111100111011

0000001010101010 0000000011111111 1111111000101000 1001110001011010

 

 

Format divided by 16 bits

0010000111011010 1001000011010011 0000000001010000 0010111100111011

0000001010101010 0000000011111111 1111111000101000 1001110001011010

 

 

Format expressed in hexadecimal

21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A

 

 

a simplified format

21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A

x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x ( x = 16 bits hexadecimal field )

 

- 128 bits, expressed in 8 hexadecimal digits separated by ':'

 

- It is not case-sensitive.

 

- Strategies for Transitioning from IPv4 Networks to IPv6

 

- Methods to support IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time. 

 

: Dual stack

: Overlay tunnels:

 

􀂋 Configured tunnel

􀂋 6to4

􀂋 6 over 4

􀂋 Tunnel broker

 

 : IPv6-only to IPv4-only

 

 

 

 

2. IPv4 to IPv6 conversion

 

 

1) Dual stack node (host)

 

 

 

< ip conversion > One host can select communication between IPv4 and IPv6 as needed

 

- IPv4 and IPv6 stack enabled nodes.

 

- It has an application that can communicate with both IPv4 and IPv6.

 

- In recent years, all OSs that support IPv6 support Dual Stack.

 

- It is a function provided for the coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6.

 

 

 

2) Tunneling

 

- Encapsulation of IPv6 Packets into IPv4 Packets

 

- It is a method that can be used on Router or Host.

 

 

 

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